Doulton Figurine

Doulton Figurine

Many of the companies that manufactured fine china and porcelain registered their logos with the proper authorities to prevent them from being copied. Once the registration process was completed, these logos became known as trademarks and were officially owned by the companies who claimed them.

In the world of porcelain, as well as pottery, porcelain logos are more commonly called marks or backstamps. Many companies did not register their marks or backstamps, which is why there is still so much confusion today over which company used which mark.

Some companies chose to put their trademark or backstamp on all of the wares they produced and, over the years, many of those marks periodically changed. Some companies ended up with as many as 30 or more legitimate backstamps or marks.

A backstamp is usually applied to the base of a piece or in some other unobtrusive place. Some companies often had an additional mark, which could belong to the artist who painted the piece. Marks or backstamps were either impressed or incised right into the porcelain under the glaze or they were stamped or printed onto the piece in ink, either under or over the glaze.

Color even took on meaning when it came to identifying age. A good example of this would be Irish Belleek, a very famous and well-known manufacturer of fine porcelain going back to the mid-1860s. Belleek's first three marks were black and they used them between 1863 and 1946. Their next three marks were green and covered the years of 1946 through 1981. During 1981, their seventh mark was unveiled and it was gold in color. It was used until 1992. After that Belleek had two blue marks before returning to their original black. As of 2001, they reissued their green mark with some modifications.

Some other manufacturers had marks that were technically considered symbols and these symbols were used by more than one company, as is the case of the "Stafford Knot." The "Stafford Knot" was used by hundreds of small porcelain makers in England. The "Stafford Knot" is often incorrectly referred to as the "Staffordshire Knot."

You will also find that different manufacturers used different versions of a crown mark - many looking quite similar. Without a good reference book of marks, it would be quite daunting to decipher which companies used the same mark, what the meanings were behind different versions of a single mark and how to read each company's dating system, such as the one used by Royal Doulton.

Royal Doulton, a prominent porcelain manufacturer in England, is right up there on the list of companies that had the most marks. Let's look at a couple of examples of how Doulton dated their items. The first was used on products they manufactured in Lambeth from 1902 until 1914. Next to their famous crown with lion backstamp appears a small letter. The letter represents the year the item was made. The small "c" represents 1902 followed by a small "d" for 1903 and they continue alphabetically until you get to the small "o."

When it comes to dating their famous figurines, the number 27 is added to the small number that appears next to their backstamp. This will give you the year the figurine was made. Many Doulton figurines also carry an "HN" number. The number represents the pattern and "HN" are the initials of one of Doulton's most famous artists, Harry Nixon. Until 1939, the HN numbers were issued in chronological order. Following 1939, each figurine modeler was assigned his or her own range of numbers.

As you can see, marks and backstamps can be very complicated. What can even be more complicated is trying to identify porcelain that bears no manufacturing mark at all. Years ago it was common for a high-end retailer, such as Tiffany's or Bloomingdale's, to order porcelain wares from a famous manufacturer. However rather than having the manufacturer's trademark on the pieces, the retailers wanted their own trademark or the name of their store to appear instead. Tracing these pieces back to the proper porcelain makers can be difficult.

A very helpful hint for you to remember is that after 1890 all porcelain marks had to have the country of origin shown on all wares that were imported into the United States. For example, if you are looking at a piece of porcelain that was made in England but it does not say England, then it was manufactured and imported prior to 1890, which makes it a very old piece. Keeping your eye out for such pieces would definitely be in your best interest.

Anne Benedetto is a former auction house owner and former dealer in the antiques and collectibles business. She presently provides people with important details, behind the scenes information, helpful tips and first hand knowledge of the brick and mortar auction business. Visit Anne at http://AuctionHouseTalk.com which is an interactive site where interested people can talk about the ins and outs of auctions, antiques and collectibles.

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